Exit Planning Tools for Business Owners

John Dini

Stakeholders in Exit Planning

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When preparing for the transfer of a business, there are many stakeholders who can impact your plan. Some have direct authority or decision-making capability over the transaction, but others may have substantial influence. In general, it’s best to presume that anyone who has a relationship with the owner or the business will have some impact on his or her decisions.

Internal Stakeholders

Of primary importance are partners and shareholders. Even when an owner has a voting majority, minority partners may have an official or unofficial veto. “Official” comes in the form of supermajority rights. Unofficial may be in the form of a threat to terminate employment, which in some cases may make the business unsaleable. If the minority holders are the intended recipients of the equity, they will function as both key components of the company’s value, and negotiators of the price to be paid for that value.

Employees are the other major internal stakeholders. Could they be a flight risk in the owner’s absence? Are they in danger of losing special status or privilege under new management? What is the plan for informing and updating them before and after a deal is struck?

Family

With most business owners, their equity in the business is 50% or more of their personal net worth. That makes future ownership, sale price and coordination with the estate plan items of great interest to spouses and children. In today’s serial family relationships, that can also involve step-siblings, former spouses, and their new partners’ families.

If there are children in the business, their future is inextricably tied to the company. If some children are in the business and some outside of it, the entitlements and expectations grow even more complicated.

Business Relationships

Customers may be transactional, as in retail, or strategic partners whose own business depends on what the company supplies. In such cases, or when customers are government entities, they may have contractual rights to approve a change in ownership.

In any case, the valuation of the business is going to depend at least partially on the retention of customers.

Suppliers have similar interests. We recently saw a distribution arrangement canceled simply because the supplier was insulted by not being informed about the company’s merger negotiations. The fact that they were conducted under a confidentiality agreement didn’t appease the supplier.

Creditors and lenders who hold personal guarantees are bound to be concerned about ownership changes. Be proactive in letting them know how their security interests will be preserved.

Public Stakeholders

StakeholderGovernment entities, especially any with regulatory responsibility over the industry, should also be approached proactively. Waiting for them to recognize a change may seem like “discretion as the better part of valor,” but untimely intervention could derail a transaction.

If the company is an important employer, a candidate for relocation, or a fixture in the community, some outreach to elected officials may be advisable.

Finally, consider the media. Plenty of business owners have complained about interviews that were slanted, reported inaccurately, or “just plain wrong.” If the transaction is newsworthy (and even if it isn’t,) prepare a professional announcement and a list of where it should be distributed. Refer to it, word for word if necessary, whenever someone calls for comment.

Thinking in advance about the impact of an exit plan on the various stakeholders can save advisors and their clients a lot of headaches when a deal is signed.

John F. Dini develops transition and succession strategies that allow business owners to exit their companies on their own schedule, with the proceeds they seek and complete control over the process. He takes a coaching approach to client engagements, focusing on helping owners of companies with $1M to $250M in revenue achieve both their desired lifestyles and legacies.

Exit Strategies – The Road Less Traveled

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The road less traveled is often a misimpression when considering a transition from business ownership. Surveys show that roughly 85% of owners expect their exit to happen via a sale of the business to a third party.

A third-party sale is certainly attractive. The idea of monetizing decades of work in one lump-sum payoff seems equitable. Years of sacrificing to “invest in the business” is supposed to generate a return. “He (or she) sold the company” when applied to someone who is clearly enjoying a comfortable lifestyle in retirement acts as an advertisement for the benefits of cashing out.

Unfortunately, that isn’t only less frequent than assumed, but it’s so infrequent as to be close to a rarity.

The Numbers Don’t Lie

Baby Boomers owned businesses at about twice the rate of previous or succeeding generations. Franchising and an overcrowded job market for corporate careers drove about 6% of Boomers into entrepreneurship, where the traditional average for business ownership is closer to 3% of the population.

A decade ago, according to the SBA, about two-thirds of all businesses between 5 and 500 employees were owned by persons 48 years old or older. Today, just over half are owned by folks over the age of 58. That makes it pretty safe to extrapolate that around 4% of that age group still own businesses.

Census data puts the number of persons turning 65 years old at 10,000 a day, so it’s a decent guess to say that 400 of those, on average, probably own a business. That’s 2,800 a week, or about 140,000 a year. Not everyone exits when they hit 65, and almost 90% of those businesses employ fewer than 20 people.

For exit planning discussions, let’s divide the under and over-20 employee companies into two groups, which we will call “Main Street” and “Mid-market.” (Note- this is not a valid market definition of those two terms. For further explanation see the Afterword in my most recent work The Exit Planning Coach Handbook.”)

Main Street companies would then be 90% of our 140,000 owner population. That’s 126,000 businesses. According to the IBBA, Business Brokers sell about 8,000 Main Street companies annually, or about 20% of those they list. That leaves 92% of Main Street owners to find another way.

Of the 14,000 or so that we are classifying as Mid-Market, Private Equity activity accounts for about 6,000 transactions annually, many of which are handled by brokers. (So there is an unknown amount of double counting here.) The last two years saw a spike of about 50% in acquisitions due to low interest rates, but it is safe to say that at least a third of these presumably very desirable middle-market businesses have to find an alternative exit plan.

Advisors Ignore the Numbers

With these statistics, why do owners and their advisors continue to focus on exit strategies that only work for a small minority? The higher visibility of transactions is part of the bias, as are the higher professional fees that they generate, but the biggest issue is a lack of advisor education.

Advisors who work with owners approaching a transaction have an obligation to inform them of their options. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. We survey the exit planning industry annually. Only between 5,000 and 6,000 advisors claim exit planning as an offered service. That’s an advisor-to-owner ratio of 23:1 each year. If we consider the entire remaining population of Boomer-owned employers, that ratio is five hundred to one.

Most owners have 50% of more of their personal net worth in the business. Yet we continue to see financial planners who base their clients’ retirement calculations on an unconfirmed estimate of what the company will contribute via a third-party sale, when such a sale may be the least likely outcome. A financial plan for a business owner cannot be holistic if it doesn’t consider 50% of his assets.

Attorneys and accountants frequently report that the first time they interact with a client about exiting is when a purchase offer is already on the table. Proactive discussions about eventual transfer or succession are usually brief, and cease when the client says “I’m not ready yet.” They let their clients postpone the discussion until circumstance or happenstance intervenes.

Business Brokers, of course, only talk to clients who have already decided on their preferred course of action. As a former Certified Business Intermediary, I can say from experience that unfortunately, most have no alternative for the 80% of listings they can’t sell.

The Road Less Traveled

The truth is, despite popular conceptions to the contrary, sales to third parties are the road less traveled. Certainly, many lifestyle businesses are really jobs and have to close when the founder/owner/CEO retires. Many others, however, could recoup the owner’s investment with a structured transfer to employees.

road less traveledGiven a few years, most owners could hire and train a suitable buyer. That usually requires support, since few have experience in recruiting and teaching someone to do what they do. There is also some education involved to help the owner understand how investing in a top-flight employee today can pay huge dividends in the future.

Additionally, there is the issue of owners who believe that they have to keep any rumor of their impending retirement from others in their industry. Customers, vendors and competitors are a fertile market for acquirers. A good advisor can act to maintain confidentiality when putting out feelers.

Advisors need to be more proactive in approaching clients about their objectives and their options. Initiating a structured conversation around both is in the best interest of the client and the advisor. They may choose to avoid the road less traveled.

John F. Dini develops transition and succession strategies that allow business owners to exit their companies on their own schedule, with the proceeds they seek and complete control over the process. He takes a coaching approach to client engagements, focusing on helping owners of companies with $1M to $250M in revenue achieve both their desired lifestyles and legacies.

Is there an AI role in Exit Planning?

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The media is packed with stories about Artificial Intelligence. According to the stories, because a smart search engine (which is essentially what a Learning Language Model [LLM] is) can pass a Bar exam, it threatens all kinds of white-collar careers.

And in case you were wondering, no – I’m not writing this on ChapGPT. That “surprise” trope has been so overdone on every local television station that I hope I never see it again. Also, if you thought this column would be about how to write letters, proposals, and social media posts using AI, you’ll have to look elsewhere.

At ExitMap® we launched our AI upgrade in May. It does all the things I mentioned in the previous paragraph, but it can also be a useful tool for owners within its limitations. Writing a few hundred prompts (They used to be called “queries,” I don’t know the difference) has given us some insight into how it works, and where it doesn’t.

Using AI for research

What works for advisors also works for business owners. If you want to begin exploring our exit planning options using the free application of ChatGPT, here are some guidelines.

First, don’t ask AI for advice. Just about any prompt that begins with a first-person pronoun (I or we) will generate a disclaimer something like “As an AI, I don’t know the individual circumstances of the situation.” If you regenerate the response it will often drop the disclaimer. What follows is usually along the lines of “But here are some of the typical actions in such a situation,” which can be useful.

It’s worth it to ask things in different ways. For example, ask “What kind of incentives can help with employee retention after a sale?” The response will be more generic, like “a good culture, opportunity for advancement, job security, recognition, and stay bonuses.” If you add “structured financial” in front of incentives the response will include descriptions of stay bonuses, equity participation, performance bonuses, golden handcuffs, and phantom stock plans.

If you aren’t an attorney, you still know that a business with multiple owners should have a buy/sell agreement. Some owners say “Why? We’ve made it for 25 years without one.” Prompting AI for reasons to have a buy/sell agreement will generate comments on Succession Planning, Valuation. Preventing Unwanted Owners, Stability and Continuity, Funding Mechanisms, Conflict Resolution, and Tax Planning with an explanation of applicable situations for each.

I have clients who are already using AI to read X-rays, score Customer Service calls, and write employee satisfaction surveys. I work with one owner who creates orientation and training videos using an AI-generated animation of himself that reads AI-generated scripts.

The AI role in exit planning

What is the AI role in Exit Planning? Considering that exit planning as an activity involves multiple specialty advisors, you can save a lot of time and money by asking questions in various areas. Here are ten examples to start you off.

  • List the different exit planning options available to business owners
  • What is the difference between a certified valuation and a calculation of value?
  • What performance metrics can be used to assess a management team’s readiness for succession?
  • What situations indicate a need for a company to upgrade or revamp its purchasing systems?
  • Describe the differences between Core Values, a Mission statement, and Company Vision.
  • Explain the potential tax benefits of an ESOP for the company, owner, and employees.
  • How does owner centricity impact the Fair Market Value of a business?
  • List key components of a Business Continuity Plan.
  • What are common strategies that buyers use to finance a purchase?
  • How do you balance the needs of family employees and family stakeholders outside of the business?

Every business is different, and every owner is unique. No query can possibly take into consideration all of the variables inherent in every transition. That’s why we still need advisors.

The AI role in exit planning helps an owner to better prepare when talking to an advisor. It helps owners be better able to explore other options than the ones that are most obvious.

John F. Dini develops transition and succession strategies that allow business owners to exit their companies on their own schedule, with the proceeds they seek and complete control over the process. He takes a coaching approach to client engagements, focusing on helping owners of companies with $1M to $250M in revenue achieve both their desired lifestyles and legacies.

Delegation and Depth – Company Readiness for Exit

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Delegation and depth are critical when presenting your business as a buying opportunity. For many business owners, exit planning means getting the company ready for sale to a third party. There are a number of approaches to enhancing preparedness for a third-party sale.

Assessing Readiness

Some planning software products begin with a comprehensive survey of the owner’s impressions of readiness. Note that we say “impressions.” A Likert scale questionnaire that asks a client to rate their understanding of a statement and its possible implications with questions like “How confident are you that you know the value of your business?” and a ranking from “no understanding” to “extremely well” often creates more questions than answers.

If an owner chooses “Fairly well,” for instance, does that mean he knows the value, or that he is fairly confident that he thinks he knows the value, or that he is really confident that he knows an approximate value? Nonetheless, some advisors will begin to build a plan around such subjective answers.

In fact, many systems take these subjective answers and use them to produce a score and a subsequent evaluation with a dollar figure for the presumed worth of the business. Regardless of the accuracy of the owner’s responses, they have created a line in the sand regarding value.

Keeping “Score”

The next step is often to assess different areas of operations. Depending on the expertise of the advisor, this may focus on operating efficiencies, sales processes, marketing approaches, financial record keeping or product and customer mix. Then the advisor runs a second evaluation, presuming that these areas have a higher score.

All this is intended to lead to one question. “Would you rather sell your business for $7,000,000 or for $12,000,000?” I know very few owners who would have the temerity to choose the first option, whether they have personal enthusiasm for embarking on a reorganization of their business or not.

The methodology is legitimate. There is ample evidence that improved operations and greater profitability lead to a higher selling price. It may, however, create a scenario where the owner is boxed into the strategy that works best for the advisor, regardless of whether it matches the client’s objectives (“Get out as soon as possible,” for example) or the company’s capabilities.

Delegation and Depth

The first issue, an owner’s objectives, should be addressed by deeper discovery. That is what we preach and teach with our ExitMap® tools. The second, company readiness, is more a matter of delegation and depth.

delegation and depthNo business can embark on a comprehensive improvement process without a management team to implement it. That’s why we address Owner Centricity™ as the only area of company readiness that matters in the discovery phase of every engagement. If the client is already overwhelmed with personal responsibilities, new initiatives will just add more to an already over-full agenda. That’s a recipe for failure.

We map out the management team starting with the owner’s responsibilities. Then we add those employees who are next in line for those duties, along with a 1, 2 or 3 score. One indicates that the employee is fully ready to assume the day-to-day activities of the job. A two means that the employee is generally familiar with the area, but not ready to assume primary responsibility. A three indicates that there is no knowledge or capability for this area. A 3 is also used when there just isn’t anyone available to train.

Company Readiness

Diagramming the management team in such a depth chart permits a far more comprehensive look at which improvements are possible now, and which will require additional training or recruiting. It also gives the advisor a better understanding of the areas the owner will have to delegate to make the business more saleable.

In operational analysis, the capabilities of the management team are the principal determinant of the company’s readiness to grow.

The owner’s willingness to discuss such delegation is by far the best indicator of his or her preparedness for any value enhancement efforts. 

John F. Dini develops transition and succession strategies that allow business owners to exit their companies on their own schedule, with the proceeds they seek and complete control over the process. He takes a coaching approach to client engagements, focusing on helping owners of companies with $1M to $250M in revenue achieve both their desired lifestyles and legacies.

The Role of a Coach in Exit Planning

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Defining the role of a coach on your exit planning team doesn’t just happen. Like any other aspect of working with consultants, you need to set expectations upfront.

Many advisors like to characterize themselves as the “quarterback” of a transition planning team. I’ve always objected to that. We regard the business owner as the quarterback of the planning process. After all, the coach never gets sacked by a 300-pound defensive lineman. The advisor may want to win every bit as much as the business owner, but it’s the owner who actually has skin in the game.

A Coach’s Responsibilities

It’s one thing to say that you are a coach and another to act like it. Here are seven basic rules an owner should expect from the coach on a planning team.

  1. He (or she) speaks the truth always, even (or especially) if you don’t particularly want to hear it.
  2. He must act as a Fiduciary, putting your needs first.
  3. He should offer options and alternatives, especially when you have a fixed idea of how things need to be done.
  4. He acts as the defender of your objectives and points out when other advisors on the team are drifting from those objectives.
  5. He documents the progress of your engagement, as well as that of the other advisors.
  6. He respects the work of other advisors and solicits their input.
  7. He delivers your contributions on schedule, but respects your need to attend to business first.

role of a coachThese “rules” can be verbalized or set out in writing, but it is important that your expectations are discussed at the outset.

Let’s continue with the coaching analogy for a moment. The quarterback must not only accept the coach’s advice, but in his role as leader of the team he should be telling the position players that his plays are the ones they are going to use. The quarterback understands that the route assigned to the wide receiver is only part of the picture. There are other men that are going to protect him so he has time to throw, or occupy defenders so the receiver can get open. The pieces have to work together as a whole.

Leading a Team

Similarly, the business owner must make plain that the coach’s responsibility includes overseeing the other members of the advisory team. No receiver would dream of coming into the huddle and saying “Hey guys. I just thought up a different play. Here’s what I want you all to do.” Some advisors, however, seem to think that is OK.

But if the receiver comes to the quarterback while the offense is on the sidelines and says “They are using the same coverage on me every time. I think I have an opportunity down the sideline,” it’s the quarterback’s role (and obligation) to bring that to the coach. Then an appropriate play can be drawn up that involves the entire team. Similarly, you should be open to other advisors’ input, but bring it to the coach right away.

Every team needs a coach. It’s his or her responsibility to help them work together for a single outcome. It’s not your job as an owner. You have neither the experience nor the time to devote to the task. Defining the role of a coach leaves you, the quarterback, the ability to focus on winning the game.

 

John F. Dini develops transition and succession strategies that allow business owners to exit their companies on their own schedule, with the proceeds they seek and complete control over the process. He takes a coaching approach to client engagements, focusing on helping owners of companies with $1M to $250M in revenue achieve both their desired lifestyles and legacies.